Lord Kelvin (1824 - 1907) :: essays research papers

Lord Kelvin (1824 - 1907) William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) was born June 26, 1824 in Belfast, Ireland, and was part of a large family whose mother died when he was six. His father taught Kelvin and his brothers mathematics to a level beyond that of university courses of the time. Kelvin was somewhat of a genius, and had his first papers published in 1840. These papers contained an argument defending the work of Fourier (Fourier transforms), which at the time was being heavily criticized by British scientists. He proved Fourier’s theories to be right. In 1839 Kelvin wrote an essay which he called " An Essay on the Figure of the Earth." He used this essay as a source and inspiration for ideas all his life and won an award from the University of Glasgow in Scotland. Kelvin remained at the University for the rest of his working life. Kelvin first defined the absolute temperature scale in 1847, which was later named after him. In 1851 he published the paper, "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", and in the same year was elected to the Royal Society. This work contained his ideas and version of the second law of thermodynamics as well as James Joule’s idea of the mechanical equivalent of heat. This idea claimed that heat and motion were combined, which now is taken as second nature. At the time, heat was thought to have been a fluid of some kind. Kelvin also maintained an interest in the age of the sun and calculated values for it. He assumed that the sun produced its radiant energy from the gravitational potential of matter falling into the sun. In collaboration with Hermann von Helmholtz, he calculated and published in 1853 a value of 50 million years. He also had an interest in the age of the earth, and he calculated that the earth was a maximum of 400 million years old. These calculations were based on the rate of cooling of a globe of matter after first solidification occurs ( such as the beginning of the earth). He also calculated that molecular motion stops at -273 degrees Celsius. He called this temperature absolute zero. Kelvin started work in 1854 on the project of laying transatlantic cables. His idea was that electrical current flow was similar to that of heat flow, and by applying ideas on heat flow, helped in the problem of transmitting electrical signals over long distances. In 1866, Kelvin succeeded in laying the first successful transatlantic cable. Kelvin invented the mirror galvanometer which he patented in 1858 as a long

Focal Point Consultants Essay

While observing CanGo for last two weeks we at FPC (Focal Point Consultants ) have identified some six major issue that we feel should be addressed to allow the organization to better achieve there over all goals. First Concern—Priority 1 CanGo appears to have a financial issue and there is has not been a complete audit to address this issue. Also CanGo needs to learn how to use the resources that they already have and redefine the processes and procedures. First Recommendation The financial team at CanGo needs to work with all the key areas of the company to conduct an audit of current processes. This audit will allow for everyone to review all the current processes that are in place and determine what they can do to enhance them and at the same time the financial team can use this data to outline how much the current processes are costing the company overall. At the conclusion of this analysis the reports will allow for the company to cut spending in the correct areas so that they can improves the others. There are many things that can be done to make improvements without spending money or having to acquire new technology or devices. Within the warehouse for example the layout can be enhanced even more so that people are not wasting time walking. Minor and Major changes to just the layout will allow the CanGo to improve efficiency and overall performance. Each department head needs to complete a detailed time study on the processes they outlined above. Once this time study is complete then the data can be used to see what is taking the longest and make changes to that process. By taking these steps it will allow CanGo to approach improvements in the correct manner by taking those actions that don’t have ny hit to the company’s bottom line. After all these types of changes are complete that is when and only when money should be spent on new technology and devices to make processes more efficient. Second Concern—Priority 2 The loyalty of customers for the specific targeting market is declining. Second Recommendation Think about how you want to be treated as a consumer. Now apply that same concept to the targeting market. Review the evaluations that are submitted by the consumers. It will tell what impression the company is making. Also, spend time in the Customer Service department. This the first point of contact for consumer. How they are handle will determine whether a consumer will return: Customer service might just be the most critical of all in running your business. If your customers like how they are treated, not only will they keep coming back, but they will refer you to others. Treating customers as individuals and not as a stepping stone up your ladder of success can go a long way. Listen to their concerns and build a relationship with them. If your customer feels as though you have their best interest they will be loyal to you. Your customers can really do a lot of your marketing for you. Word of mouth, especially in a world where Facebook and Twitter are some people’s main way of communicating, is a very powerful tool (Debs Marketing Connections, 2012). Third Concern – Priority 3 Online purchases CanGo has talked about that they have a high rate of items added to the online shopping cart. Although this information does not support the amount of purchases actually received via CanGo’s online website. Third Recommendation  Having a high rate of items added to an online shopping cart means that you have a good storefront and getting customer’s to actually place the items within there shopping carts. This is only one piece of the multipart puzzle. The shopping site needs to be enhanced to entice the customer to actually complete their purchase as that is how we are going to make money overall. Since there is a high traffic volume to the website we would also recommend that the marketing team reach out to a third party website advertising company that will pay to place ads on CanGo’s website. This will drive also be another source of revenue for CanGo so they can then reinvest this money back into the company. Fourth Concern – Priority 4 While Reviewing the video’s from weeks 3 and 4 I saw a issue that they is an issue within the warehouse and they do have a solution but no really reviewed the reports that Debbie provided. I think that these reports should have been reviewed while in the meeting so that they could have discussed all the points of the issue and the recommended solution to the warehouse productivity issue. Then Liz asked the group a question I wonder how the board will feel about this recommendation. Fourth Recommendation A solution to this problem would be to complete a full audit of the issue and do a trial run analysis of the proposed solution. This would allow for recommendations to be made to the board and the results of the proposed solution can be given right away. As people need to see measurable figures so that they can tell if something will be worth putting the time and money into the project. Fifth Concern – Priority 5  In the week 4 Videos they are talking about the market segment of boys in Japan. They ask each other questions about how they can get the market analysis complete and then the gentlemen having lunch say that I will do it. Fifth Recommendation There are a couple of thing on this problem that needs to be solved first managers should not interrupt an employee’s lunch unless it is extremely urgent. This is an issue because the employee stated he is â€Å"Just trying to enjoy my lunch break†. The Manager should have approached the employee at a later time when he was not at lunch. Then there is the issue of the market analysis. This assignment should get assigned out to a third party marketing company that can tap into the market in Japan and gauge what the consumer wants. This would be a lot more cost effective than attempting the complete this analysis on their own and wasting resources that they don’t have in the first place. Sixth Concern – Priority 6 Sales are not increasing as projected for the company possibly due to the design of the online purchasing process. Sixth Recommendation Place a test run on the current online purchase process as a consumer. Time the entire process to see how long it takes. As the test run is being completed, keep the consumers’ needs and wants in mind. Determine if needs were met as well as satisfied. View the information available to see if it’s appealing to lead to the purchase the item. Also, notate likes and dislikes of the experience. Have a group of employees to assist to gather more information for comparison. Determine what updates can be implemented to entice the consumer to make a purchase. Keep track of different trends to keep a competitive edge for things like: 1.  In-store pick up. In the past few months we’ve seen Walmart implement in-store pick up for orders placed online, while Sears and Kmart are going a step further bringing online purchases out to your car. In Chicago, Sears and Kmart are even testing home delivery and bundling items with those from its retail partners at Sears’ Marketplace, further blurring the lines between online only retailers and those that came before. And in Florida, Farm Stores lets shoppers order groceries online and pick up at a drive through. 2. Pick up depots.  Smaller retailers without a vast network of stores like Walmart or Sears may open designated pick up locations for goods ordered online. Retail consultant Neil Stern of McMillan/Doolittle points to French retailer Chronodrive. com as an example. 3. Mobile Apps. Smartphones are the dominant cell phone and apps for all platforms are growing. The ones that allow for price comparisons or send out coupons are already among the most heavily used with good reviews, but we’re just getting started. 4. Less flash more function. Forget about flashy apps or features like virtual dressing rooms.  Consumers haven’t responded to these and rightly so. Maybe the technology will get there, but until it does, user reviews are better gauges of clothing fit and quality than any technology can offer. 5. Video. Look for more user-generated video on retail sites. Retailers are letting customers upload video clips modeling new clothes or using a new purchase. Davis believes this is one trend that will definitely pick up speed. 6. Social networking. Facebook and Twitter aren’t even close to played out yet. Consumers can increasingly â€Å"like† or follow a favorite retailer and get discounts or tips on deals.  JCPenney is using Facebook to actually sell goods and more than 12 million consumers â€Å"like† Victoria’s Secret on Facebook as of last month (March), making it the most popular retailer on the site (its Pink brand ranks No. 2, according to the ChannelAdvisor Facebook Commerce Index). That’s an active population of customers reaching out and requesting information from the retailer. And social shopping is just getting started, says Jim Okamura, managing partner at Okamura Consulting, a group specializing in online retail. There’s evidence (that Facebook offers) a good return on investment and there are a lot of retailers that haven’t done anything yet,† he says. â€Å"This is going to be the year of Facebook testing. 7. Daily deals and flash sales. This may seem like a very crowded playing field, but sites like Ruelala and OneKingsLane are reproducing at a furious pace. And based on how quickly many items sell out, often within minutes of email notifications going out, more will jump on this popular trend. 8. Retail based social networks. This is one trend experts don’t expect to happen at any large level. Sears is still trying to build a social network of its own customers and Walmart tried and abandoned a similar effort, neither attempt bodes well for its success. Facebook really owns this space, but look for small, focused sites to create communities of like-minded users, says Okamura. 9. International. â€Å"There’s been an accelerating trend in international or cross border e commerce, of small niche online retailers are now doing 10-20% of their sales outside of their own country,† says Okamura. Look to online shops like SousVide Supreme that sells specialized cooking equipment and StyleTrek. com, a community built to launch up and coming international designers as models. Other big name retailers like Zara and Top Shop are building out their online business to reach U. S. shoppers, even as the store base grows more slowly. 10. Deal aggregators. Of course there are always deal sites, like Dealnews, ConsumerSearch, FatWallet and Brad’s Deals that are cutting through the din of so many sites and sales to bring consumers only the information they’re interested in. (Forbes, 2012).

Ecological Footprint Product - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2416 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ecology Essay Type Review Did you like this example? Ecological Footprint analysis has been conducted at a various levels such as nation, region, sector, company and product. There are various methodologies followed to analyze the ecological footprint depending on many factors. This part of the report addresses the ecological footprint methods. 4. Fundamentals Prior to conducting ecological footprint analysis, there are certain fundamentals which need to be covered. These are pre-requisite before the application of the methods of footprint. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ecological Footprint Product" essay for you Create order 4.1 Data Availability Data is one of the crucial factors for the Ecological Foot-printing. The data needs to be scooped and checked and compared with other available data for the area where the analysis is to be conducted. 4.2 Boundary Definition The boundary of the ecological footprint needs to be defined. The ecological footprint analysis faces boundary issues to include and exclude activities. There are two principles of defining a boundary of the study. 4.2.1 Geographical (administrative) boundaries This principle is based on whether the study should calculate footprints within the geographical or administrative border. For example, if the footprint study needs to be done for an airport in Germany, all the impacts due to the airport will be contributed to Germany by using Geographical boundary. 4.2.2 Responsibility boundaries The responsibility boundary is based on the consumption of an areas population irrespective of where the consumption occurs. For the same example of airport, in this case, only the impacts which are attributed to people in Germany will be included. Therefore, it is to be noted that the answers can be very different depending on the boundary condition we choose for our analysis to be conducted. 4.3 Double Counting Double counting should be avoided as it would unnecessary make the footprints bigger. There are many steps during ecological footprint analysis in which there are dangers of double counting. To avoid double counting, the processes should be clear and well defined. 5. Methods There are basically two methods to calculate the footprints. They are the compound or component-based methods which are explained in following sections. 5.1 Compound method Compound Method is the top-down approach. The compound method is applied primarily at the national or state level and utilizes national production, as well as import and export data to determine consumption and calculate the footprint. The procedure is mainly composed of following steps: 5.1.1 Consumption Analysis conversion to area Consumption analysis is conducted for biotic resources including meat, fruits, grains, dairy products so on. The consumption analysis is done for primary products and its derived secondary products. Primary Products Primary products are products which can be used directly or processed into secondary products like vegetables, unprocessed round wood etc. Consumption for primary product is calculated by production and adding imports and subtracting exports. The consumption quantities are converted into land area by their corresponding world average biotic productivity, or yield. At the national level, world average productivity is used for each land type to create a common base yield for inter-country comparisons. The consumption divided by the yield of that particular resource gives the area required to generate that consumption. The formula is given in slide 27 in annex 1. It should be noted here that further adjustments should be made to avoid double counting where necessary. For the double cropping lands, consumption should be considered only once as it will increase the footprint area. If the animals are grain fed, resource meat should be converted to arable land and not pastur e. Secondary products Secondary products are derived products like milk, paper etc. Secondary Products are converted into primary product equivalents for the purposes of Ecological Footprint calculations. The global conversion figure is used for imports of secondary products use the global conversion factor whereas national conversion factor is used for domestically produced goods. The weighted proportion of amount of products imported and produced domestically with their respective conversion factors are used to calculate the area of export. The formula is given in slide 28 in annex 1. The areas calculated by consumptions are converted to quantities of five specific ecological categories of lands and sea types including cropland, forest, pasture, built land, and sea according to which land types are required for production or assimilation of these items. For example, if the resource is grain, then the area is reflected as arable or cropland. The sum of footprints of all the products consu med within that category is the total Footprint. For example, the Footprint of cropland includes cereals for human consumption, cotton, processed oils, and fodder crops for livestock. Footprints are multiplied by equivalence factors to express the final footprint in global hectares. Each land type is assigned an equivalence factor that reflects its relative capacity to produce biomass. The different land types with varying productiveness are dealt by the use of equivalence factors. Hence the regions with varying quantities and composition of areas can be compared. 5.1.2 Energy Footprint Energy balance is determined by considering both local and direct use of energy and embodied energy in categories of traded goods. Embodied Energy is the energy used during a products entire life cycle in order to manufacture, transport, use and dispose of the product. The data for the embodied energy are well published and available. The UNs COMTRADE database with trade flows of more than 600 categories of productions are used to generate estimates of embodied energy. The embodied energy is given in terms of energy intensity (GJ/tonne). There are mainly two ways of translating the energy consumption to the energy land. Waste Assimilation / Carbon Sequestration The direct energy consumption is adjusted for carbon content according to the primary fuel used. The energy is translated into CO2 emissions using the national fuel mix profile of the producing country for exports, and using the world average fuel mix for imports. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to human activities are quantified. CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy are converted into footprint by considering the amount of land required to sequester CO2 emissions. The carbon sequestration method takes into account the assimilative capacity of forests by deducting the emission captured by oceans and assigns the necessary forest area. The area required is represented by: Area (ha) = CO2 Emissions (tons) * (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" fraction absorbed by ocean) / Sequestration Rate (tons/ha) Based on the above formula, the sequestration area is calculated by deducting the approximately one-third of anthropogenic emissions absorbed by the oceans from the total anthr opogenic emissions (IPCC, 2001). This method of carbon sequestration rate to convert into energy land is mostly used method. Biomass Substitution Another method for calculation of energy land is biomass substitution. The biomass substitution approach calculates the area needed to replace fossil fuels with their energy equivalent in fuel wood. The area is given by Area (ha) = Energy (GJ) / [Round wood yield (GJ/ha) * Expansion Factor (-)] Where; expansion factor accounts for additional biomass used for fuel from limbs, small trees etc. 5.1.3 Hydro Power and Nuclear Energy In ecological footprint, areas occupied by hydroelectric dams and reservoirs are taken into account as built area. The hydro power Footprint is calculated for each country using the average ratio of power output to inundated reservoir area for a selection of large dams for which both surface area and power output data are available. Currently, Nuclear Energy is considered same as fossil energy as omission would misinterpret the footprint thereby the ecological performance. 5.1.4 Summary The ecological footprint is summarized in six ecological categories. The footprints for individual consumption categories are aggregated to reach the total ecological footprint of the entity or population. The sum of Crop production, grazing, forestry, fisheries, and built-up areas are mutually exclusive and equals the total Ecological Footprint. The total is compared to how much bio capacity exists within a country. The whole structure of the footprint calculation is shown in Fig.1. Structure of Footprint and Biocapacity Calculations. The compound method depends on material flows at the national level and established trade data. National data gathers aggregate resource demand which doesnt require the information of end use. Therefore, compound method is more robust for comparisons between nations. With the same assumption and international data, different countries are compared. The World Wide Fund for natures (WWF) Living Planet Report (LPR) uses the compound method fo r Ecological footprint and presents it as one of two main indices to quantify changes in the state of the Earths ecosystems. The disadvantage of this method is it doesnt give any disaggregated data, so the sector wise footprint information cannot be derived. 5.2 Component Based Approach With the compound method, the consumption are estimated through analyses of material flows and activity components. Individuals or organizations consumption is combined in a bottom-up manner to the top required level. It incorporates basic life cycle data of relevant components for resource consumption and waste production. Emphasis is given to the activities rather than the cumulative resource use. This approach relies on sources that are more accessible to individuals and organizations. The main sources of data for the component method are raw data collection from the field and life cycle studies. For some activities, the Ecological Footprint values for certain activities are pre-calculated using data appropriate to that particular entity. The land use categories used for compound analysis are also used for component-based analysis. 5.2.1 Components The component method involves data collection from range of activities such as transport, energy use, materials and product consumption etc. The list of components impacts which are typically considered with this approach are: Direct Energy Food Material Waste Transport Water Built land It considers the effects of the above components or activities and converts these into equivalent land areas in global hectares (gha). 5.2.2 Conversion Factor/ Footprint of Component Conversion factors take into account all the activities necessary to the production of a particular resource. The application of life cycle analysis to the production of a product is fundamental in component footprint. This allows for a fuller picture of the impacts associated with material production and use as well as distinction between primary and secondary like manufactured products. The life cycle assessment data are required to derive the ecological conversion footprints for components. The conversion factor needs to take into account the transport, processing and agriculture energy. For material and transport elements, it further makes allowance for the embodied energy, the energy land etc need to be included. The data sources are more specific to the particular activity or area and that data collection is therefore also more time-consuming. Extra care has to be taken to avoid double-counting of impacts. Since component method is concentrated at detailed activity , it is more vulnerable to double counting. The conversion factors for certain activities are calculated taking into account related factors like transportation, processing, maintenance etc. Some example of the pre calculated values are given in presentation slide 37 in the annex 1. 5.3.3 Summary Since many people can identify with the activities of component, the component method is simplistic and educative. The activities like production of waste and the consumption of electricity etc are built around peoples daily routine, and people can participate and understand them. This method has the benefit of greater local transparency, which facilitates comparisons between impacts of different activities and experimentation with possible sustainability scenarios. However, the comprehensive component list and reliability of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) and determines the overall accuracy of the final result. Hence, this approach has dangers of producing inaccurate results due to incomplete and inaccurate information. Colorado College conducted ecological footprint using component based approach. The method for calculation and assumption are given in their report. Another example is Regional Stepwiseà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ developed by Best foot forward organization based on component approach to find the ecological footprint of a region or community. 6. Limitations Ecological footprint doesnt consider the loss of productivity from soil erosions. It excludes effect of pollution, toxic. Resource and waste flows that cannot be measured are excluded from the assessment. Many activities excluded from the ecological footprint is already described in chapter 3. The accuracy of the conversion factors and footprints itself are constrained by data quality and availability. Proxies are used which may reflect true activity but they are not as reliable as primary data. Thus proxies reduce the reliability of the footprints calculated. There are some potential errors types of errors such as data errors, assumption errors, systematic misinterpretations etc in the ecological footprint which is important in checking the validity and reliability of the ecological footprint results. Conclusion The ecological footprint methodology is undergoing significant development and regularly incorporates new data and scientific knowledge as it becomes available. The Global Footprint Network is continually improving the methodology through the National Footprint Accounts. Careful planning is required before footprint project in order to determine the best methodology to adopt. The choice of method is determined primarily by scale and data availability and the purpose of foot printing. Each method has its benefits and uses. Component methods allow detailed footprints but may be unreliable as data quality is questionable. On the other hand Compound foot printing may result in a more robust overall value but the disaggregated subcomponents may be unreliable. The combination of methods can be used for footprint calculation to explore the possibility of applying the best elements of each method. The component method that is combined with compound Ecological Footprints assess ment can overcome the weaknesses of respective methods. Numerous Studies for organizational, municipal and regional are conducted by calibrating component-based estimates on past and present compound national. References Chambers N, Simmons C, Wackernagel M (2000): Sharing Natures Interest: Ecological Footprints as an indicator of sustainability, Earthscan, London McLoone A et al (- ): The Ecological Footprint Analysis of SMEs within Mid-West region of Ireland, University of Limerick, Ireland. Wackernagel M. et al (2007): Current Method for calculating National Ecological Footprint Account, 2007, Science for Environmental and sustainable society, Vol 4. No1, Research Center for Sustainability and Environment Shiga University Wackernagel M et al (2005): National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts 2005: The underlying calculation method, Global Footprint Networks Wright P. E (2002): Ecological Footprint of Colorado College: An Examination of sustainability , Colorado https://www.coloradocollege.edu/sustainability/EcoFootprint.pdf 12/11/2007 Ecological Footprint Modeling : https://www.rprogress.org/energyfootprint/eco_footprint/ 15/11/2007 Footprint Methodology : https://www.f ootprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=datamethods 30/10/2007 Stepwise Methodology : https://www.bestfootforward.com/regionalstepwise.html#desc 12/11/2007 Summary of Book Sharing Natures Interest: https://www.bestfootforward.com/ecologicalfootprints/sni%20-%20ch1.htm 10/11/2007 Technical Report on Methodology : https://www.steppingforward.org.uk/tech/index.htm 5/11/2007 https://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html 24/11/07 https://www.earthsummit2002.org/es/life/2002.pdf 20/11/07 https://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=glossary 18/11/07 WWF, Living Planet Report (2002); https://assets.panda.org/downloads/lpr2002.pdf 23/11/07 Annex 2: Equivalence Factors and Yield factors

DRY MIX Experiment Variables Acronym

You control and measure variables in an experiment and then record and analyze the data. There is a standard way to graph the data, with the independent variable on the x-axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis. How do you remember what independent and dependent variables are and where to put them on the graph? There is a handy acronym: DRY MIX Meaning Behind the Acronym D dependent variableR responding variableY graph information on the vertical or y-axis M manipulated variableI independent variableX graph information on the horizontal or x-axis Dependent vs. Independent Variables The dependent variable is the one being tested. It is called dependent because it depends on the independent variable. Sometimes it is called the responding variable. The independent variable is the one you change or control in an experiment. Sometimes this is called the manipulated variable or the I do variable. There may be variables that dont make it onto a graph, yet can affect the outcome of an experiment and are important. Controlled and extraneous  variables arent graphed. Controlled or constant  variables are ones you try to keep the same (control) during an experiment. Extraneous variables are unanticipated or accidental effects, which you didnt control, yet which might influence your experiment. Although these variables arent graphed, they should be recorded in a lab book and report.

Charles Dickens Incredible Work Ethic - 659 Words

Charles dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in London England. Immediately out of the womb, he fell on some hard times when his father Charles was arrested for debt. To combat this, everyone in his family except for Charles was put to work at a Blackening Factory. Charles attended school at an academy in London where he learned the basics of reading and writing. While attending school, Charles worked as a secretary for an attorney in the city. This reflects Charles incredible work ethic and determination from a young age. I believe that his experiences with tough times are the fuel that powers his writing in his later years. Around the 1830’s was when Charles began publishing his literary works. He started out writing for different news papers as a free lance reporter. His works became quite popular and he had to start using the pseudonym â€Å"Boz†. To me this seems very odd but it seemed to be the thing to do at the time. As Charles became more successful he began to branch out his works into different mediums, his first were sketches. No not sketches like Seth dyers from SNL but little pictures in newspapers. Charles was hired to write things to accompany sports pictures that were drawn by Seymour. The two men worked together for a long time. These sketches, like a lot of his other works became very popular as with most of his other works. They were released in monthly editions and they would have people lining up outside postal stands much like the release of a new harryShow MoreRelatedEssay The Great Gatsby2606 Words   |  11 Pagestags the â€Å"tomb† of literary archetypes, a family of fiction that espouses every facet of the expressive use of language (everything from Shakespeare’s plays to Dickens’ prose). As a participant in this tomb, The Great Gatsby has adopted a convenient persona in the world of twentieth century literature as â€Å"the great American novel,† a work that embodies the American themati c ideals of the self-made man, the great American character—Jay Gatsby. In its infancy, the novel received onlyRead MoreOrganizational Behavior As A Multidisciplinary Field3764 Words   |  16 Pagesrelations movement to consider the human side of organizations. This led to research on the socio-psychological factors of the employee-manager relationship and related aspects such as, communication, motivation and teamwork in organizations, this body of work eventually became a separate field of study – organizational behavior. Organizational behavior concepts are derived from research and study focused on behavior at three levels: individual, team or group, and organization. That means OB scholars areRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesobtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this i s precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this

Management Of Event Operations In Country †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Of Event Operations In Country? Answer: Introduction The following paper focuses on the topic of the event management of event operations in the country. It is extremely difficult to manage a major event in the country when a particular state or city has to handle the entire event. Many things have to be looked at when arranging the festival. In this context, event management of the Golden Plains Music Festival has to be discussed. It has to be noted that this festival is organized at Victoria in Australia (Knox 2017). Some important things have to be kept in mind before starting the preparation for the event. The Event Purpose Every event is arranged to achieve certain purposes that have been very integral for the organizers. This is one of the biggest music events in the country for which millions of people wait with eagerness (Wiseman, Macleod and Immersonal 2012). People wait with bated breath and the sale of tickets begins with a bang as soon as the promotion is showed through advertisements. This event is organized specially for the people who are ardent music lovers. They spend hundreds of dollars to watch this exquisite event. This time this show is going to be arranged to promote the all genres of music. These genres have been famous among many people. So, the organizers have felt that they should encourage this genre. It is noteworthy that they should look to promote this event through social media platforms and online ticket sales. As this is a cultural program, the people who love culture have to be welcomed by the hosts (White 2016). Theme of the event It has been long since the music lovers all over the world have been requesting the organizers to organize the Golden Plains Music Festival to be organized to pay the tribute to the soft rock genre of music (Gibson and Connell 2012). The theme that has been associated with this festival supposes that Victoria is a nirvana where a person is supposed to be who he is outside of his own inbox. The sister festival of this festival is the festival Meredith. Golden Plains Festival is supposed to be one of the beacon festivals for anyone who is remotely in his musical orbit of attractions (Gibson and Connell 2012). This year, the festival is going to be organized in memory of Jack Nolan on whose sheep farm the entire festival took place. The guests and the audience of this festival are much enthusiastic about music (Mair and Whitford 2013). As an attractive theme for the entire program, the blue color has been chosen as the theme color. This color should be planned to use on all merchandise that are connected with the program. The color of the tickets will be blue and uniforms that the organizers will wear have been fixed to be blue as well. This will help to keep uniformity between the people who are directly involved in this program and the supervisors as well. The posters will be painted on a blue background so this will lead to a terrific coloring effect. The expert professionals will be given the responsibility to decorate the entire venue of the program so beautifully that it becomes a splendor to the eye for the audience (Gibson and Connell 2012). The main themes of the festival can be designed in a one page leaflet. The entire design should be clean, simple, flat and designed professionally. These leaflets should be distributed among the people through newspapers and provide advertisements through online platforms. This should be well organized and made sure that they can be edited very easily. The people who can be contacted for any query should be listed there along with their phone numbers. Identification of the Event audience When an event like a big music festival is organized, some things should be taken under consideration that would set for the success of the festival (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). In this case of Golden Plains music festival, the target audiences have to be identified so that the preparations can be done according to that only. The music lovers of a certain group should be made the target people (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). There are no logos for the entire program and the ethos for the program will be a collective one as the visitors and the audiences are engaged to bring anything that they wish to. The only issue is that they should not ruin the ambience of the program. One of the most important factors in this issue is the thing that the best performers are cheered and saluted by the audience in the form a boot or the boots being held aloft the audience as a sign of respect (Salem, Jones and Morgan 2012). The event managers have to be alert about all the matters like the secur ity of the audience, success of the program, profit from the ticket sales and many others. All ages of music lovers are welcomed here. The organizers do not provide alcohol so the audience must bring the alcohol by themselves. The people above 18 can have alcohol in the Pink Flamingo Bar (Yeoman et al. 2012). Event timing and venue The entire event takes place at a private farmland in Victoria, a place from where Melbourne is 90 km away. As per the transportation is required, the audience has to come through private cars or trains (Matthews 2015). This event continues for three days. There are enough spaces for car parking and the seating capacity is well beyond 10000 people. Resources The artists for the festival should be booked long before and the contracts should be finalized, if possible advance money should be given. The event organizers should look to raise the profit money through advertisements and provide all sorts of comfort to the artist or the band. They should schedule their preparation programs as soon as the artist is confirmed (Matthews 2015). The venue is not an issue as it will take place in the farm land. The production and audience details should be looked at with minuteness. There should separate doors for entry and exit for the audience. Subject Cost Cost of decoration $ 5000 Sound and lighting $ 3000 Cost of labor $ 5500 Logistical setting up $ 4500 Food and beverages $ 5600 Safety $ 4800 Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying that Golden Plains music festival is an extremely famous music festival in Australia and it attracts hundreds of thousands of people. The audiences are very enthusiastic to go there and enjoy those three days. The entire event has to managed properly by looking at different aspects and the audiences have to be kept safe and the organizers should maintain lots of strict measures to make the program successful. References Gibson, C. and Connell, J., 2012.Music festivals and regional development in Australia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Knox, J., 2017. The 2nd OtherFilm Festival.Explorer, (83). Mair, J. and Whitford, M., 2013. An exploration of events research: event topics, themes and emerging trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Matthews, D., 2015.Special event production: The resources. Routledge. Salem, G., Jones, E. and Morgan, N., 2012. An overview of events management.Festival and Events Management, p.14. White, A.L. ed., 2016.Lost in music: Culture, style and the musical event(Vol. 5). Routledge. Wiseman, J.A. and Macleod, S.G., Immersonal, Inc., 2012.Event planning and management system. U.S. Patent Application 13/413,520. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. eds., 2012.Festival and events management. Routledge.

Review of Two Emerging Technologies free essay sample

TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION 2. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY 1: BROADBAND DISTRIBUTION OVER POWER LINE 1. THE BROADBAND OVER POWER LINE TECHNOLOGY 2. IMPACT AND BENEFITS OF BPL ON THE SOCIETY 1. Ready Made Infrastructure 2. Evolution of Consumer Electronics Internet Communications: 3. Evolution of Consumer Electronics Internet Communications: 4. Other Societal impacts: 5. POWER UTILITY APPLICATION 3. Broadband over Power Line: The Challenges 1. Boundary Creation, Security and Overall Reliability of BPL Technology 2. Imminent Large and Unmanageable Network. 3. Radio Frequency Interferences 4. Organizational Challenges 5. Economic Challenges 6. Rural and Remote Location Challenges 3. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY 2: WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION 1. INTRODUCTION 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY 3. IMPACT AND BENEFIT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ON THE SOCIETY 4. EFFECTS AND CONSIDERATIONS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY 3. CONCLUSION 5. REFERENCES CHAPETER ONE INTRODUCTION The two major technologies that have affected the human existence more than any other are Electricity and Communication technologies. All activities including businesses in modern society have become almost completely dependent on the sustainable supply of electric power and communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Two Emerging Technologies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is no longer a real mission critical systems, but also normal life functions that suffer heavily in case of interruption. Many of third world and developing countries’ stunted economic growth have been attributed to the lack or inconsistent nature of power supply and communication infrastructure. The UK Parliamentary Post note of March 2006, reported that access to consistent power supply and Information and communication technology (ICT) will play a major role in bringing out developing countries out of depressing state of extreme poverty and tackle a wide incidences of health, socioeconomic problems in the process of meeting the seven Millennium Development Goals such as attainment of the universal primary education and global partnership. The paper will therefore focus on these two technologies, exploring the emerging technologies in the field of Information and Communication technologies distribution and Electric power transmission. These are 1. Broadband distribution over power line 2. Wireless electricity transmission These technologies development are aimed at easing the day to day life of users of these technologies. Chapter Two, explores the possibilities of broadband distribution over power line focusing on the technology, the impact on the society and the challenges before nationwide implementation of the technology. Chapter three explores the emergency of transmission of electricity wirelessly to eliminate the use of wires. The technology is described including the benefits it could bring to the society. Concerns over possible hazards in commercial implementation were also discussed. Chapter four is the summary and conclusion of the work done while Chapter five have the references used in the work. CHAPTER 2 BROADBAND DISTRIBUTION OVER POWER LINE Broadband and the Internet are a viable tools in human day to day activity nd its fast becoming invisible and ubiquitous that no one is think or consider its social effects any more than electricity is at this current age or how national social and economic development hinged on it. Even though there is low or no access for rural dwellers, there is a geometric increase in numbers of internet users within the urban community; the demand for easy, fast and cost effective distribution is needed. Many services providers have been rolling out fibre optics ca bles to homes. Virgin Media and British telecom are in forefront of deployment of these cables in the UK. However, the primary focus of these service providers will be on high-density, urban areas which would translate to about only 60% of the United Kingdom population having access to the new broadband via fibre services. Report from 2010 statistics report reveals that â€Å"over thirty million UK adults have broadband/internet access on daily basis. This is a significant improvement over 2006 estimates which recorded over sixteen million UK adults accessing the internet on daily basis†. (http://www. statistics. gov. uk/cci/nugget. asp? id=8). Other varieties of technologies employed by Broadband/Internet Service Providers (BISPs) to extend services to the consumers are Direct Subscriber Line (DSL), Hybrid Fiber-cable (HFC), radio networked fixed wireless communications and satellites antennas. 2. 1 The Broadband over Power Line Technology The technology is based on the phenomenon and ideal transmission of electricity at a lower frequency than broadband signals; hence both electricity and broadband data can be channelled on the same power cable network without either interfering with each other. This offers an idea of economical and cheap way of distributing broadband over existing electric power infrastructure translating into competitive price with other forms of broadband distribution. There is also an attractive appeal of letting consumer plug low cost modems into any standard power outlet and connected to the internet real time. The current robust Power lines infrastructure makes it an attractive medium for broadband delivery because its extensive network reaches more homes than coaxial cables as well as DSL this will foster rapid growth to access to the internet especially rural areas. This method of distributing internet have been tested and deployed for home electronic networking and power modems are commercially manufactured by electronics vendors such as DLink modems, Linksys modems, Netgear routers, and Phone-flever modems. (http://www. powerlinenetworking. co. uk/content/view/13/28/). These devices can only support network data transfer which extends just a few hundred feet while current research is on-going on how to make it commercially available over a longer distance. Description of how this technology works is explained below: A Medium Voltage Node supplies data coming from the Broadband/Internet service providers into a medium voltage power line at a substation. The substation precedes a power plant. The injected data then travels over the electric grid to the final consumers’ power socket. Different frequency bands is employed in sending data via the Low Voltage lines where an installed repeater generates data signals on the Low Voltage lines within the home units. Finally, the consumer connects the electronic equipment which has been designed for self-installation, to any standard electric power socket to receive the broadband signals. [pic] FIGURE 1: Broadband over Power line technology 2. IMPACT AND BENEFITS OF BPL ON THE SOCIETY 1. Ready Made Infrastructure The most important feature of the Broadband over Power Line (BPL) is the already established infrastructure. Therefore, it will not require a build out investment identified with installations of fibre network or DSL upgrades. In the UK, every homes and businesses have access to the electricity utility grid, and most rural and unmanned remote areas are also reached. 2. Evolution of Consumer Electronics Internet Communications: This emerging technology will give rise to the evolution of internet compatibility appliances with most electrical and electronic equipment benefiting from connections to the internet. A typical example is consumer can switch on and switch off electrical appliances by mere logging on to it via the internet from anywhere in the world. Other public devices such as vending machines, industrial equipment, security systems and cameras will benefit from this emergence of electronics Internet communications. 3. Home Networking Home networking is enhanced. There is a seamless transfer of information between electronics and data sharing from every room. A typical example is a DVD get plugged into a power socket it detects and communicate automatically with Television, Home theatre system and other related devices while every TV in all the room can link and watch same movie been watched on the DVD. â€Å"HomePlug AV White Paper,† August 18, 2005 ) 4. Other Societal impacts: Video Conferencing: Electronics consumers will have a simplified way of interacting via a simultaneous the two way video and audio transmissions. Voice-Over-IP: This is another area of internet communication technologies that might be revolutionized, delivering voice communication to the general public over the internet protocol. Enhanced web-bas ed government services: Government services are closer to the citizens with ease of access to internet by more people. 5. POWER UTILITY APPLICATION Utility applications that will benefit from eventual take off of this technology are: †¢ Automated Power Meter Reading (APMR). †¢ Power Demand Forecasting. †¢ Analysis and modelling of distribution transformer overload. †¢ Power Line analysis and testing †¢ Microwave system replacement †¢ Power outage and fault localization †¢ Detecting Phase loss †¢ Enhanced monitoring of Power fluctuations and quality 3. Broadband over Power Line: The Challenges With all certainty BPL technology is a realistic and workable solution to broadband distribution. The technology have been tested and successfully proven in controlled environment, metropolitan trials and small pilot projects. (Lee, M. K. , 2003). However, the concern has been on whether Broadband over Power Line will effectively operate as a means to distribute economically and reliably internet/broadband services to users, with particular focus on remote and rural locations. The BPL as an emerging technology faces several critical but solvable challenges to ensure its survival as a competitive Internet Service Providing technology. . Boundary Creation, Security and Overall Reliability of BPL Technology In the UK as well as several other countries of the world, it is common to see apartments and other close knitted buildings sharing the same power lines, hence signals and data transfer in a home network can cross boundaries of properties. Typical example is a DVD player plugged into power socket need to be able to connect to the specific home network rather than neighboursâ€⠄¢ network. More and other boundaries might also exist at even a finer granularity. For instance, tenants occupying a shared flat may decide to individual network, or parents want a distinct and restricted access to the general network by the children. Hence, BPL technology needs to be able to support multiple virtual networks. (W. David Gardner, 2005) Using encryption and cryptography initiatives such as trusted computing could be used in securing the network (Authentication Framework, 1988). However, the target consumer electronic products such as DVDs, TVs, home theatre systems etc do not have encryption capabilities. For consumer products with encryption capabilities, the equipment are designed to have certificate which transmit the manufacturer’s authorisation, when the desired application is user authorisation. Hence, for this issue to be overcome, electronic products have to be designed to be compatible with this technology. 2. Imminent Large and Unmanageable Network. Power line network will no doubt be very large and may become unmanageably large exposing consumers, financial and government secured systems to hackers. This security threats possess a big setback to commercial and business deployment of the BPL technology. . Radio Frequency Interferences BPL is a shared bandwidth technology hence there are likely hood for radio frequency interferences between the BPL electronic equipment and other uses of the spectrum or vice versa. (Seema M. 2008) Acceptable speed might not be achievable in densely populated regions as there might be limited or very little bandwidth to carter for all br oadband subscribers. (Allen J. Wood, 2004) 4. Organizational Challenges The BPL technology faces organizational challenges for electric utilities who might consider partnering to in broadband distribution services: 1. None Interoperability of BPL equipment hence if a particular manufacturer goes out of business or for whatever reason is no longer available, problem of continuity and cross compatibility sets in. 2. Broadband over Power Line (BPL) as with all telecommunications systems requires structured planning, management, operation and maintenance as a network. These structures are totally different in competencies and capabilities of what is obtainable in the monopolistic nature of electric power systems. (Fink, D. 2008). A bottle neck of finding a balance between acceptable standard between the two giants possess a challenge. . Similarly, the merging vision, values and culture of a telecommunication service provider and electric power company in event of partnership are important factor to be considered to ensure the overall success of the business. 5. Economic Challenges Economic issues are perhaps the most challenging issue facing the BPL technology and some are highlighted below; 1. Uncert ainty with manufacturers been able to make BPL compatible equipment that ensures competitive pricing when compared with other forms of broadband distribution services. . Uncertainty in penetration into the market by the service providers to justify profitable manufacturing scale as well as support while considering financial sustainability from investment to returns on the investments. 3. Uncertainty in BPL competitiveness with other broadband transmission technologies. BPL will probably be profitable venture in populated areas where other existing broadband services such as Fiber and DSL are not available. These issues are interrelated with its success depending on wide deployment and vice versa. . Rural and Remote Location Challenges Rural and remote locations are supposed to be the greatest beneficiary to this technology however economic issues are more compounded. The human settlements are sparsely distributed hence electric cables line are longer and father apart. BPL distribut ion structure then becomes more complex as devices such repeaters, voltage regulator, shunt capacitor etc have to be installed. Prices of distribution will also considerable are higher as one user is served by individual transformer. BPL will not economically feasible for remote transmission when settlers have less than 20 users within a mile. (Fink, D. 2008). CHAPTER THREE WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION 1. Introduction The invention of electricity and subsequent usage to light up a bulb prompted long debates on suitable ways to have it distribute it for the benefit of the people as well as profit on the rising business venture. (Power Engineering Review, IEEE). Notable of the inventors was Nikola Tesla who had an idea and researched how electricity can be transmitted wirelessly. Tesla believes a time will come when wired infrastructure will get to complex in electricity distribution that hence he supports for wireless transmission of electricity. Tesla made plans and built a 57 meter tower, from where electricity will be beamed to long distances. However, his research was cut short due to lack of funds to complete the projects and investors are not willing to gamble into such inventions. (Carlson, W. B 2007) Until 2007, scientists in MIT had a breakthrough in the principle of wireless energy transmission, and carried out a middle distance wireless energy transmission where its efficiency was about 40%. Andre Kurs et al 2007). The current revisit to the Nikola Tesla works no wireless power transmission is set to revolutionize the power industry. Even though Tesla’s idea was to distribute electricity over wide distances, the technology been developed now focuses on local and short ranged distribution, thereby eliminating the use of wires as we have it p resently. A typical usage of the technology will be recharging of consumer electronics that uses battery without necessarily connecting to power sockets. Hence, laptop can be used anywhere in the home and have it battery recharged without plugging it to the main power source or a mobile phone automatically gets charged when user step into the house or the battery is low. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY The Wireless Transmission technology is based on a physics phenomenon called Resonance Coupling where tuned objects on the same frequency transfers strong energy but have less or no interaction with other objects on different frequency. (Wenzhen Fu et al, 2008). It is an ideal medium for energy exchange because there is free movement of magnetic fields in air while it has less effect on the surroundings and humans at regulated frequency. Two coils resonating at equal frequencies are able to create a powerful magnetic coupling frequency and inter- transfer energy in an efficient manner, while the magnetic coupling have a weak effect on other objects which has different resonance frequency. This physical phenomenon can be adapted to transmit power to electric equipment wirelessly over some certain distance. Chunbo Zhu, 2008). In demonstration of this phenomenon, the researchers constructed two resonant copper coils positioned about two meters apart. The next stage in the demonstration involved one of the coils getting charged by allowing an alternating current to flow through it, generating a magnetic field. The second coil positioned two meters away was tuned to equal frequency and a electric bulb was hooked to it. With a resonated magnetic f ield electricity is generated in the second coil which lit up the bulb. (Marin Soljacic, 2007). 3. IMPACT AND BENEFIT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION ON THE SOCIETY Contactless energy transfer has become a major issue in modern automation scenarios, as it offers reduced installation efforts, more flexibility and movability together with an elimination of wear and tear of supply cables. Current research focuses on an inductive power supply of a single load over a possibly large distance [R. Mecke, 2004]. This technology provides ease of mobility to users as chargeable batteries, electrical and electronics equipment can be moved around easily within the magnetic wireless range. This comes with neat and wireless Installation. There is less cost for wiring infrastructure for devices and it will support unlimited users who have limited slot for charging purposes of mobile installations and vehicles [Esser A, 1999]. 3. 4 EFFECTS AND CONSIDERATIONS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY This technology of wireless power transfer is still in developing state even though companies like Wild-Charge have started rolling out a gadget capable of charging mobile equipment wirelessly. (http://www. wildcharge. com/). However the following needs to be addressed and might discourage the future commercialization of the product. 1. It is not enough for consumer to achieve the ease of having less connection wires, installation etc but power consumption and efficiency need to be put into consideration. At current 40% to 50% of the technology, (Andre Kurs et al 2007), it translates that more than twice as much power is required. Consumer power consumption bills will rise considerably. Consumers will likely not pay more to recharge mobile device wirelessly. . Electronic gadget and equipment intended to be powered wirelessly have to re-design to incorporate this technology. It creates more complexity in the electronic equipment while eliminating the cords and wires. 3. Unlike wireless data transfer where security can be implemented to prevent unauthorised access, a bottle neck restriction problem is likely to happen. For instance, an outsider simply needs to get close enough within the perimeter of wirele ss power base station to make use of the electricity supply. 4. Current research suggests that the Electromagnetic radiation from the devices do not have significant effect on human bodies, however, a longer effect of continuous exposure to the radiation might be adverse. Scientist have known that this radiation might cause human biological damage through heating effects since human body is made up of approximately 65-70% water, electrolytes and ions. Radio frequency radiation emitted from mobile phone will interact with human body and interfere with human body’s natural healing resulted displacement of electrolytes and ions within the body. Mat, D. A. A, 2010) CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION Broadband and Electricity transmission has discussed in work still have huddles to overcome before it can be commercially available. Broadband Internet access is important and highly sort after for enhanced standard of living and productive future of businesses. The emerging Broad band over Power Line technologies may be the key to a improved and sustainable broadband sector. There are organisational and economic challenges for the information and communication technology industry and electric power companies to overcome. For instance, none of the electronics equipment manufacturers have BPL enable electronics in full production and uncertainty still remain on how soon manufacturers will successfully design, and produce electronic of good quality, acceptable durability, cheap and affordable. The effect of nature such as extremely high or extremely low temperatures, thunderbolts, rain and humidity will also considerable effect on electronics. These natural challenges can be overcome with careful design and high standard production of BPL compatible electronics. With the drive for a greener environment and combat against global warming, long term continuous generation of electromagnetic waves by thousands households using a widespread wireless power transmission technology could have a catastrophic result with billions of tons of Carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) been emitted into the atmosphere annually. Hence, the global drive for a safe environment and saving our planet earth might be forfeited in process of creating ease of transferring power wirelessly. Advance technologies bring a lot of benefits to humans however we have to be careful of the adverse effects that might come with and this must be addressed from start of their emergence. CHAPTER FIVE REFERENCES 1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA IN THE 21st CENTURY Engr. Ernest C. A. Ndukwe Accessed at http://www. ncc. gov. ng/speeches_presentations/EVC%27s%20Presentation/nici_programmeEVCspeech. pdf 2. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, â€Å"ICT in developing Countries† PostNote March 2006 Number 261 3. [pic]Allen J.